Tenofovir disoproxil is an antiviral medication used in the treatment of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It belongs to the class of drugs known as nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the replication of the virus.

When taken orally, tenofovir disoproxil is rapidly converted into its active form, tenofovir, in the body. Tenofovir then enters the infected cells and incorporates itself into the growing viral DNA chain, causing premature termination and preventing further replication of the virus.

In the treatment of HIV, tenofovir disoproxil is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to suppress viral replication and reduce the viral load in the blood. It is effective against both HIV-1 and HIV-2, the two main strains of the virus.

For chronic hepatitis B, tenofovir disoproxil is used as a first-line treatment option to inhibit the replication of the hepatitis B virus, reduce liver inflammation, and prevent disease progression.

Tenofovir disoproxil is generally well-tolerated, but it can have potential side effects. Common side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, and kidney-related issues. Regular monitoring of kidney function and bone density is important during treatment.

It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and treatment duration as directed by a healthcare professional. Adherence to the medication is crucial for maintaining its effectiveness and preventing the development of drug resistance.

Tenofovir disoproxil may interact with other medications, so it is essential to inform the healthcare provider about all the medications being taken, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

In summary, tenofovir disoproxil is an antiviral medication used in the treatment of HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B. It inhibits the replication of the virus and is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Close monitoring of side effects and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan are important for successful outcomes.