BCG immunotherapy, also known as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy, is a type of treatment used in the management of bladder cancer. BCG is a weakened form of the bacteria Mycobacterium bovis, which is related to the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

BCG immunotherapy works by stimulating the immune system to attack and destroy cancer cells in the bladder. It is typically administered directly into the bladder through a catheter. The BCG solution is left in the bladder for a certain period of time to allow it to come into contact with the cancer cells.

The exact mechanism of action of BCG immunotherapy is not fully understood. However, it is believed to activate immune cells in the bladder, leading to an immune response against the cancer cells. This immune response can help prevent the recurrence of bladder cancer and potentially eradicate existing cancer cells.

BCG immunotherapy is usually given as a series of treatments over several weeks. Common side effects may include urinary symptoms such as urgency, frequency, and discomfort. In some cases, more serious side effects such as bladder inflammation or infection can occur, although they are relatively uncommon.

BCG immunotherapy is considered a standard treatment option for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer that has a high risk of recurrence or progression. It is often used after the surgical removal of bladder tumors to help prevent the cancer from coming back.

As with any medical treatment, BCG immunotherapy should be administered under the supervision and prescription of a healthcare professional experienced in its use. Regular monitoring and follow-up visits are important to assess the response to treatment and manage any side effects.

In summary, BCG immunotherapy is a treatment used in bladder cancer to stimulate the immune system and prevent the recurrence or progression of the disease. It is administered directly into the bladder and can activate an immune response against cancer cells. Adherence to treatment and close monitoring are essential for optimal outcomes.

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